Monday, 24 November 2014

Week 4: Living on the ISS

Imagine opening your eyes in the morning and experiencing an image of pitch-blackness halved with pure blue horizon through your window. That is the sight that usually meets International Space Station expeditions’ astronauts in their wake-up call. What do you do then?

International Space Station
Launched in 1998, the International Space Station serves as a microgravity and space environment research lab. Because it’s a laboratory, it has to be habitable. It has been continuously occupied since the arrival of Expedition 1 on 2 November 2000. As of now, 215 individuals from 15 different countries (sorry, no Poland here yet) in total have set feet on the ISS throughout 42 expeditions. There can live 2-10 people in the station simultaneously.
Earth, Moon and Soyuz

ISS resides at an altitude of 220 miles and orbits the Earth once every 90 minutes, which accounts for 16 sunsets and sunrises each day. It’s a unique opportunity to take just as unique photos or videos of the Earth from the orbit’s perspective.

Currently, the only way to get to ISS (or return to the Earth) is through a Russian Soyuz spacecraft, owned by (surprise) the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos). Since the 2011 closure of American Space Shuttle Program astronauts have been left with no options. The “hitch” ride in Soyuz costs about $71 million per person and takes 6 hours.

So, what’s the plan?

A typical day of the ISS inhabitant looks like this:
  • 7 AM -- Wake up
  • 7:10 AM -- Conference
  • 7:30 - 8 AM -- Breakfast and prep for work
  • 8 AM - 12 PM -- Doing assigned experiments
  • 12 - 12:30 PM -- Lunch
  • 12:30 - 6 PM -- More experiment work
  • 6 - 6:30 PM -- Conference with ground crew to review that day's activities and discussing the next day
  • 6:30 - 7:30 PM -- Dinner while watching the news taped by the ground crew from the day before and beamed up to the station
  • 7:30 - midnight -- Clean up and reading of  the procedures for the next day, family time and time to look out of the window to see the glorious views outside.
  • Sometime within the day, 5-6 days a week – A two-hour exercise (30 min. on the treadmill and 70 min. of resistance exercise)
  • Fridays -- Astronauts work on personal projects and watch movies together as a crew


The day consists of usual lab-work (and a bit of space-walking) in an unusual environment which leads us to the question - what abnormalities could astronauts encounter in space?

Space closet
Rapidly-decreasing bone mass for instance. Humans in outer space lose calcium 10 times faster than a 70-year-old man. The same goes with muscle mass. That is the main reason why astronauts have to exercise at least 2 hours almost every day to decrease these losses.
Another health issue is receding vision experienced by most astronauts, which is supposedly caused by elevated pressure levels in the human’s head because of zero gravity in space. It is also linked with “space sickness” (nausea, dizziness) and a swelling face which happens during the first few days of exposure to zero-g and accustoming body to the body fluids going upwards.
You could also grow an inch taller, because the spine elongates in space.

Taking care of yourself

Between sleep, work and exercise, one has to maintain their looks and hygiene, eat and have a little pastime. How does it work in the zero-gravity environment?

A morning shower is basically a sponge bath here, as the water cannot quite fall down on your body and you do not have a luxury of having bubbles of water floating around. Tooth brushing is less of a challenge, but you have to swallow the toothpaste afterwards.
Vacuum might come in handy when you’d like  a haircut done and if one needs a shave, a special shaving gel is also available at the station (no electric shaver allowed though).

Space toilets are a peculiar invention. They use a suction system to collect all the wastes, which are then stored in dedicated bags, stored inside aluminum containers. When these containers fill up entirely, they’re thrown to the Earth atmosphere and they burn upon re-entry. The tricky part is that space toilets, designed by Russians, were not designed with women in mind. A funny fact - urine goes its own way into the water recycler, which then serves drinking and food-rehydrating water to crew members.

Food is packaged for consumption and the menu is quite broad (in contrast to what we’re used to seeing in films). Some of the meals need rehydration to be edible (remember space-toilet-recycling?). The only catch here, is that astronauts have to prevent crumbs from floating inside the station, as they could get into the equipment.

Pastimes consist of watching pre-recorded movies, TV, shows, music or books but being in space gives the one-in-a-lifetime opportunity to admire the amazing views from the windows. Some beautiful shots have been taken by the crews in recent years.

The inner workings of the maintained
by a certified
In 2013, thanks to NASA, the ISS has gained a broadband Internet connection (max downlink speed - 300Mbps), so the crew can do all the things that we do right here on Earth without experiencing significant connection latency which they had in 2010.

Sleeping takes a little practice at the beginning, as members have to tie themselves to the wall and they do not use a pillow or a quilt. But after the learning period - sleeping in space is a form of pure relaxation, that is what every astronaut says (no shoulder pains or messy hair in the morning!).

Astronaut-turned-social media superstar

One ISS expedition member took a great advantage of the Internet broadband to connect with the public on Earth through social media during the famed Expedition 34.
A former Canadian Air force pilot, (now retired) Commander Chris Hadfield has provided some unforgettable social media highlights during his 6-month tenure at ISS on Twitter, YouTube, Facebook and tumblr. Most of them were beautiful photos - see the selection of 30 below:

While he was launched on December 2012 he had about 20 000 Twitter followers. Since he landed in May 2013, he has already passed 1 million followers count.
He was active on Twitter almost every day of his expedition, providing us with some of the most spectacular photos of the Earth, while also sharing a lot of knowledge (and generally cool stuff) about zero-g phenomena via YouTube videos, Reddit AMA or live student conferences.

Check out some of his most spectacular YouTube acts below:









Chris has been only retired for barely more than a year and has already been dubbed as the most famous astronaut since Armstrong and Gagarin by BBC.

Questions:
What is the most bizarre daily activity in space in your opinion?
Which space picture did stun you outright?
When will humans be able to permanently inhabit Mars? :)

Sources:

68 comments:

  1. It’s very interesting presentation, the best so far in my opinion. I haven’t read anything about living in the space, so those are brand new information. We can all give you extra credit for questions at the end, which can help us comment – nice gesture.

    I can say it would be really hard for me to be a spaceman, mostly for all those awkward daily activities – great sleep and growing an inch sounds nice, but washing, eating and the most challenging – using closed would be very difficult for me to get used to. For sure, I would manage to stay there for couple of weeks, but 6 months? It’s sounds like eternity. And I would be afraid that something might go wrong: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uo9DSxHwvJk ?

    If I had to list the most interesting pictures I would pick no. 9 and 17. First looks like neuron(nerve cell) - https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8256/8695004301_4682d92279.jpg and second has very nice pattern – I can tell why, but it’s subjective choice.

    And to answer you last question, for sure if we will find a way to send people there, building a base sounds like an easier task. Let’s hope it won’t look like this: http://southpark.cc.com/clips/155141/looking-for-cheap-flights , because it can end like this: http://southpark.cc.com/clips/155145/a-whale-on-the-moon. When it will happen? I do not know, but according to diagram from this presentation (http://konwersatorium3.blogspot.com/2014/10/week-1-13-19-october-2014_12.html), somewhere around 2060 :) . One again, nice presentation!

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    1. There should be "I can't tell why" at the end of the third paragraph.

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    2. Thanks for the warm words :) I cannot quite imagine how would the inhabitation of Mars look like, because we have to invent something like a 'gravity cloak' to be physically able to resist lesser gravity environment :) Or develop body enhancements - Time will tell.

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  2. Personally I think it's amazing and I would like to try it by myself in the future. I've seen many videos with drinking liquids in space, quite funny. Or eating M&M's. As a downside I see loneliness. Of course you have internet, but still. You are trapped in a can thousands of meters from Earth. And after a month of floating around globe it must be very boring. That's why they can't be in space for a long time. It's not so healthy aswell, even if you train.

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    1. From what I've read and heard, astronauts have a lot to do and generally are passionate about their work in ISS so I don't necessarily think that they are terribly bored out there :) and the views of Earth alone just cannot become monotonous :)

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  4. Brushing teeth in space is very interesting, didint know astronauts just swallow everything.
    Easy solutions often are the best. Like in early cosmic era Americans spend a lot of time and money to create special ballpen that will work in no gravity. Meanwhile Russians just used
    a pencil.
    I think that most bizarre activity would be having sex. But probably its not happening very often..
    who knows.

    All photos are just stunning! Best for me is number 10.

    We must wait some more time. :) but most important thing are always proper people not the technology.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaOC9danxNo

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    1. Well, I suppose it would be hard to get some astronauts to reveal how is it to have sex in space in the nearest future :)

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    2. In fact the story about NASA spending millions of dollars to create special "space pen" is just an urban legend. It was created by private company founded by the inventor. Those ballpens with pressure cardriges are now used by americans as well as russians. More info can be found on wiki (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Pen#Uses_in_the_U.S._and_Russian_space_programs)

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  5. First of all - great topic and presentation. Grats Mateusz :)
    I'm interested in space exploration and i've read many article about it, but you put some facts and trivias I didn't know.

    Thanks a lot for a videos created by Hadfield. He shows how different and also fascinating is life in zero gravity.

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  6. Thanks for the comment!
    Chris Hadfield got me interested in space trivias - guy's a boss :)

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  7. Great topic and great presentation Mateusz. I read it with true pleasure. If I had an opportunity to try it I definitely would like to explore the space by myself. Of course I see a lot of disadvantages of that (f.ex. loneliness or as Mateusz said: “You are trapped in a can thousands of meters from Earth.”) but personally I think that it is worth to get through it.

    About your question: in my opinion every daily activity could be a little bizarre in space;) The picture fourteenth really appealed to me. That probably is a great thing when you look out the window and you can see something just amazing like that view.

    Many thanks for those videos with Hadfield. I have heard about him but I didn’t watch his movies before. All of them were interesting for me, especially this one with nuts(just amazing!:D).

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  8. Not activity but "the most bizarre" for me is that urine thing.
    As goes with the picture... number 14 is my favourite: http://www.cnet.com/pictures/commander-hadfields-best-shots-of-earth-from-the-iss/14/

    About last question... Have you heard about Mars One?
    http://www.mars-one.com/
    In couple of sentences: there is an concept of sending four people to the Mars in 2024. Entire event will be documented for a TV show.
    Important thing about it is that more and more business entrepreneurs are seriously thinking about exploring the universe. For example:
    - Galactic Suit Ltd (planning to build space hotel) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_Suite_Design
    - Virgin Galactic (offering suborbital flights) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic

    Maybe not us, maybe not our children, but our grandchildren will experience space travel. We (as I human kind) are almost there.

    Btw.
    I really recommend all of you (for whom this article is so interesting) to see "Interstellar" movie.

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  9. Damn, I've been thinking about writing an article about the ISS too, as I recently found Chris Hadfield's YouTube channel :p He's a great guy and it's awesome that he got so many people interested in his field. I did some research to check 'how to become an astronaut' and unfortunately we have nearly no chance becase we're Polish. Most of the astronauts were also pilots, both military and commercial.
    For me, the most bizzare activity on the ISS is...sleeping. Beds are just tiny closets with floating sleeping bag, placed in the floor, celing and walls. You just crawl it, zip yourself up in the sleeping bag and you can't feel that you're upside down. Crazy.
    I thing all pictures from space are amazing but what really excites me is actually the outside of the space station and all the equipment inside. How it's designed to stay in place or be easy to use in zero gravity.
    Lastly, I don't think we'll inhabit Mars in near future. We need far more advanced technology for it to be profitable.

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  10. First of all, great job Mateusz. Very interesting topic. Space was always something inaccessible and still is. It's nice to watch a guy like Chris Hadfield and learn a little bit more about living without gravity. I wish that you have'nt mentioned what experiments do the astronauts do in their typical day of work. Because being an astronaut in ISS is probably most elite and hard to get job in the world.
    Recently, I have watched a film called "Interstellar". First thought- boring, but it turned out that it was very interesting projection. I know that whole the film is more fiction than science, but there is showed the problem of live without gravity which is main force in the universe. I recommend this film to all who likes space theme.
    Your presentation shows us other, very big problem in world without gravity. Each thing, including shaving foam ect. have to be designed properly to those conditions. This is real science!

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  11. Very good presentation! I like astronautics but rarely thought about mundane things like eating or shaving in space. I think sleeping is most bizarre! It's so far from what we are used to do! But looks quite comfortable! I'd like to try that!

    All pictures are beautiful but my favourite is number 7. It's magical.

    I think a lot of technological improvements are needed to even really think about sendig humans to Mars, but surely it is a topic which plays with my imagination. I'd like to live onge enough to see this happen!

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  12. Cool topic. For me it is hard to imagine everything ou've described.
    But it must be realy awsome to live there BUT I'm not sure I would like to live like that. Of course as every kid - I think every - I dreamed about being an astronaut, even today I would like to go there for a week and see everything. But now do I want to be an astronaut ? I don't know to be honest.

    Your topic is realy awsome and very very interesting. Good we have people up there that are commited and work up there. Lets all don't forget that this is really dangerous !!

    Thanks for your presentation

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  13. I must confess that was a nice idea to choose this topic for your presentation. Really interesting paragraph is about abnormalities could astronauts encounter in space. It`s unbelievable what is going with human body in outer space condition. I`m referring to lose bone and muscle mass and other thing that brings zero gravity force. I`ve already seen the films about astronauts practices in ISS and it`s so fantastic. I`m still thinking about time case and the different between how we see this in earth and outer space. Is it a true that time in outer space goes slower?

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  14. Hey, I really must say it was the most interesting article here and at the end of the semester I will definitely vote for this one to win :-) Thanks for so many interesting informations lol. The life on ISS sounds cool and really sad at the same time. You wrote that article like it was a good book or a movie lolz, there is a scene of beautiful life on the ISS, mornings in space, awesome job linked with some space experiments with stuff, but there is the other part of it, which is the lack of things to fill the basic human needs like shower, food etc. Funny stuff is that if USA will sometime break up with Russia they all will stay there on the ISS and no one will take them home. That's pretty bad!! And health problems? For me that would be the number 1 argument to not to go there since good health is really important to me. But the whole article is even cooler for me because few weeks ago I went to the cinema and watched the movie entitled "Interstellar" and I loved it. Thx for the great article again!

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  15. Hello ! Your presentation was really interesting and pleasure to read. About your last question, I've found interesting article that covers the topic of manned flight to mars. http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-05/31/getting-to-mars. There are many things that make this a really hard task. In my opinion the most challenging problem to solve, might be the lack of magnetic field that covers earth, protecting us from space radiation. If you want to read more about it, heres the link for quite nice explanation what is it and why it is dangerous to living beings (http://www.space.com/21353-space-radiation-mars-mission-threat.html).

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  17. (2)...space-elevator (orbital station ramp)... starting horizontal from Terminal Stations (only on coach´s floor, line of Seats side to side with their vertical seat-backs now parallels to floor, passengers body horizontal), when train goes climbing (100 kms/hour) it is already in normal travel position...VERTICAL, now the Floor before is Wall and vice versa, seats and passengers are in normal position, body vertical. ■Each Inclinable-Seat with guiderails on Wall and floor for seat-sliding from normal-vertical-seat-back till horizontal-bed _| _/ _,__↓Seat on floor, the normally vertical seat-back with its top-part always into contact with Wall-guiderails; padded-seat-bottom horizontal to ½ mt over floor for sit down normal, with hinges for fold up when it is not using... ¯| ¯\ ¯´¯¯↑Seat on ceiling, the same but inverse... According to train´s acceleration ↓↑, floor will be ceiling and vice versa; for passengers sit down with their feet down or up when Train goes accelerating or decelerating at one or other side of the geo-0g altitude, for passengers feeling acceleration toward feet and do not toward head... ■Each Coach with e.g. 10 mts in length divided into 5 Compartments with 2 mts (floor↔ceiling when it is vertical) each one; one Compartment placed at extreme is the Service´s Compartment with machines, air´ purifier units, little garbage´s incinerator unit, etc... ■Each Compartment: one wall all wide Seats side to side, other wall with Stairs, with steps on both faces up/down, in diagonal till next Compartment, other walls Food and Drinks, other wall 2 Bathroom, instead of water-toilet, "air-toilet" in room with powerful fan closed-circuit interior adequate air-filtration-purification, motorized (12 v.cc) automatic with contact-sensor air-toilet-bidet with only solid wastes into little sufficient plastic-bag firmly closed e.g. by thermo-soldering with 2 sliding solder-pieces, and clean by exterior, that goes shoved Laterally for a Piston to train´s exterior-tank pressurized but frozen and when returning to Earth the plastic bags are normally eliminated, (perhaps better incinerate solid wastes and throw micro-ashes at Space)...

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  18. (2d)...space-elevator (orbital station ramp)... air-toilet/shower-bidet: zero gravity... use generalized of electric hydraulic pneumatic and mechanical systems automatized... Bathroom with interior 2 Ventilator of Pressure (220 v.ac/100 W) placed outside, powerful Closed-Circuit Air-Filtration-Purification: polluted air→... 1- Electric Incinerator-Furnace Unit, very high temperature with multiples discharge electric-arcs inside, methane and other pollutants are burned. 2- Catalyst Filter Unit, pollutants extraction. Pipe with the still polluted air passing by exterior-space for cooling it. 3- Cold-Unit, pipe-spiral for water condensation. 4- Filters-Unit, water, CO2, activated carbon, and other filters. 5- Final Unit, clean conditioned air and incorporated to the Air´s Purifier Main General-Circuit... ###(1)### Motorized (12 v.cc) automatic air-toilet with only solid-wastes into removable trunk-conical wall´s thick-slim but sufficiently resistant #plastic-vessel 25 cms height and major base at top 13 cms in diameter, these #plastic-vessels are storage in a vertical pile inside of a structure at rear part of the air-toilet, in a normal toilet there would be the water-tank; such as a plastic-vessels pile into a normal Drink´s automatic machine functioning by coins; ###(2)### and go away falling shoved by a spring-device and Fastened by regular friction into one chamber with 4 cms depth of a gyratory #Tambour, circular platform, with only 2 opposites chambers, seemed to the tambour with chambers of a revolver, having them always 2 #plastic-vessels at the same time over #Tambour, one at from ready for using and other at rear new and empty waiting; (#Tambour´s gyration and #plastic-vessels placing all automated by electric (12 v.cc) contacts and presence sensors), ###(3)### the #plastic-vessel ready for using at #Tambour´s front is placed from 0.5 cms over Surface downwards at #ring´s center, from half backwards, of the #ring, this special #ring has a Circular Cut 13.5 cms in diameter, 0.5 cms more than #plastic-vessel, at horizontal top´s plane being it in the vertical over the #plastic-vessel´s position that it is below; placed over floor the #Tambour entire has also some of vertical movement (approx. between 7 and 10 cms) axis´s along up/down, up for elevate the #plastic-vessel entering this until 0.5 cms over the #ring. The "almost" normal "#ring-cap-toilet" it is placed over a Container similar to stainless steel Sink with the automatic systems, electric motors (12 v.cc), lateral piston 50 cms length, etc, placed inside of a structure aside, all these structures forming one only unit...

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  19. (2e)...space-elevator (orbital station ramp)... air-toilet/shower-bidet: zero gravity... ###(4)### with the already used #plastic-vessel clean by exterior and by top´s edges, now the used #plastic-vessel is firmly closed at top under the #ring by thermo-soldering (horizontal-sliding of 2 solder-pieces), then contact-sensors on/off command descending again the #Tambour entire till its initial floor level, now the chamber´s bottom, that is also a little piston, is elevated those 4 cms for a lever placed below, making it exit the #plastic-vessel from its subjection´s chamber till the #Tambour´s flat surface, ###(5)### for to be then it shoved Laterally to a short #roomy-tube for a ▬▬▬▬▬▬█Piston 50 cms in length till into #→, at other side of the wall, a Coach´s along at vertical crossing all Compartments, Square-Tube 50x40 cms with endless-belt Pulley´s-Elevator for wastes ((♣bathroom´s ventilation: 2 cylindrical Ventilator of Pressure, 220 v.ac/100 W, in extractor-mode; both ventilators are installed into an exterior adjusted Double-Wall; common for all bathrooms, with little closed interior window for repairs; at Double-Wall´s end into Service´s-Compartment a powerful mini turbo Aspirator-Compressor extracts air from the Double-Wall making it after re-circulating by the Filters-Circuit. Into Air´s Purifier Main General-Circuit a powerful mini Compressor of Pistons working tirelessly extracts air from the Train´s interior, this strongly compressed-air is now refrigerated till cryogenic temperature going away now how Liquid-Air to a Sun´s protected at exterior-space closed Dewar-Tank and from this Liquid-Air is obtained now in a type Linde mini Distiller-Plant by Joule-Thomson effect NITROGEN and liquid OXYGEN that, once both how gas in adequate proportion adding if it is necessary Oxygen from its reservoir-tank, this totally NEW-AIR passes to Train´s interior. Into each bathroom one extractor-tube at wall´s top and other extracting for that short #roomy-tube air from air-toilet´s interior; from the Compartment warm fresh-air entrance into bathroom by little window at wall´s down♣)), #→ one of the, closed with a spring´s door, Elevator´s BOX, Elevator that carries the wastes of all the Compartments till the Service´s Compartment (without passengers) placed at Coach´s-extreme where manually, all garbage goes to little Incinerator-Unit, being micro-ashes thrown at Space...

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  20. (2e2)...space-elevator (orbital station ramp)... ###(6)### LIQUIDS drained into an adjusted removable particular applicable for personal hygiene, connected to general drainage-tube placed for easy change when it has interior calcified obstructions, and liquid´s circulation into pipes by normal suction-pump, go away till dirty liquids-tank where are boiled, the vapor is condensed into water and disinfected returning again to potable water general tank, the natural cycle of the water how in Earth. ###(7)### SHOWER-BIDET: both things, using a few water, into an hermetic waterproof and with special entrance for air, with 2 thick bath-screen methacrylate´s walls in a corner with 80x80 cms in surface and 2 mts in height; manual switch and push-buttons commanding tele-switches on/off for control of Solenoid-Valves 12 v.cc (Danfoss catalogue) and Suction-Pump of liquids and air; a permanent-drainage placed e.g. on floor; 3 *tubes-flexible-ringed 1.5 mts in length, with plastic cone-shaped Funnel 13 cms in diameter, *one-tube with fixed-red-funnel only for water aspiring into bath-zone´s entire volume; one *water-tube, has parallel other air-tube for to get into Funnel water exit and returning water/air aspired from suction-pump for that the water exit from bathroom; each person with 2 particular Funnels, e.g. green for shower and blue for bidet; Shower Mode, connect green-Funnel into *water-tube for to get at the same time water exiting from tube and Water/air that enter into tube; after for dry up connect it into *aspiration-tube; Bidet Mode, sit down, the same but using now blue-Funnel. On finish all clean and dry aspirating water with the red-funnel here and there.

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  21. (2g)...space-elevator (orbital station ramp)... air-toilet: zero gravity... instead of carton tetra-brick, carton "Trunk Pyramid-Brick", #TPB only for solid wastes, made the same with slim layers of cardboard + aluminium + plastic: #TPB, a VESSEL with trunk-pyramidal quadrangular figure for can be stored in a vertical pile, such as normal plastic-vessels. #TPB sizes: height 25 cms, at top open major base 12x12 cms, at top on edge´s interior placed to a unique lateral part, there is 1 folded in zig-zag fine square #plastic-sheet with a fine and rigid #plastic-rod 13x0.2 cms, then it has 0.5 cms at both sides crossing beyond of #TPB´s wall and #plastic-rod running free into a simple without wide #cut made to 1.5 cms from top at both #TPB´s opposite-walls front and rear, this #plastic-rod will go running inside of the #cut shoved by 2 Pneumatic-Actuators both also with 12 cms length, both placed Laterally one at each extreme from shoving in those 2 extremes of the #plastic-rod that protrude wall´s beyond. An "almost" normal "#ring-cap-toilet" with a central ◘plane with 2 cms thick except on down´s face where has 1 only lateral cut hollow of 12.5x14x1 cms for sliding forward/backward of the #plastic-rod´s extremes and the 2 Pneumatic-Actuator´s axis that shove. #Tambour ↑climb till that #TPB enters into the square-cut hollow with 12.5x12.5 cms of the #ring´s ◘plane and 0.5 cm over the ◘plane´s surface. At finish, touching manually a push-button starts the automatic system: 2 Pneumatic-Actuators shoving the #plastic-rod, this pulling from #plastic-sheet deploys it and covers provisionally at #TPB´s top. Then 1 piece sliding in horizontal forward almost touching under the #ring´s ◘plane make the firm closure, under the #plastic-sheet, at 2.5 cms (0.5+1+1) from #TPB´s top sealing it with the same system that to normal carton tetra-brick; ◘plane must have for it at both lateral sides a triangular-cut hollow for permit expansion of the carton in line to double length than side, when close its top´s edges. Problem: to get clean edges, that is the question. Then the #Tambour entire, carrying the already closed #TPB subject into its also trunk-pyramidal chamber, descends again till its initial floor level, and continues the process in the totally automatic motorized air-toilet zero gravity.

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  23. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (Earth Day)... PLANETARY EMERGENCY: global warming due to pouring pollutants greenhouse effect into the air...the generalized burn fossil fuels it must stop immediately. Car´s Factories: is inadmissible design dirty new cars with internal combustion, have to make and buy Solar Energy clean electric cars. Stop F1, welcome EF. Eliminate the cattle and natural meat how food. Leave Carbon and Petroleum for nonflammable uses. There are huge quantities of Methane also in sediments of oceanic bottoms how solid methane-hydrates, waiting... Methane Big Greenhouse Effect... Over there is visible, Lakes on polar areas already are releasing from bottom to surface big methane bubbles... Permafrost is Melting...when all that methane passing to Atmosphere... We receive vague communiqués... What can we do for avoid the future catastrophe on Earth?. Have to cooling the Planet again urgently, and do not thinking more Wars. Humankind must surmount its technological adolescence and go beyond...to the stars.

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  24. ...interstellar travel (thousands G of constant acceleration)... gravitation, dimensions and inertia: the Matter... The electromagnetic radiation: quanta (pieces) of energy in discrete amounts (minimum and independents), photons, which move in waves... Why energy quanta (photons) are attracted by gravitational fields of "stellar lenses" curving their trajectories and move on?...go ahead because they have inertia...and are attracted because the Energy also has Gravitation, but does not manifest because it no emits Gravitons, or emits in imperceptible degree, because it has to be condensed enough like in matter for that, but it is sensitive to Gravitation from Matter emits... Energy and Gravitation "associated"...and...the Gravitational Force is another manifestation, unknown yet, from Energy...(no "curvature" of that called "space-time" relativistic)... Its particle exchange, the theoretical Graviton yet...maybe "quanta of gravitational energy"... The Energy (e=mc²) is sensitive to Gravitation but hardly emits Gravitons... The Matter, which is condensed Energy (m=e/c²), emits now Gravitons proportionally to its density... The Matter with normal density, naturally, emits few Gravitons (weak intensity of gravitational force). But...if someday could transform some of matter, not in Energy by annihilation with antimatter but entirely in Gravitational Force with an exponential Gravitons (or antigravitons) emission...would have a way to amplify the Gravitational Force a certain amount of mass... Light (photons) can be directed with a mirror... Gravity (gravitophotons) perhaps also can be directed someday the same such as light in a car´s headlight placed in ceiling looking downwards... This would be necessary for having artificial gravitational attraction only toward the ceiling in all the floors of the ship, each down´s floor must have less own gravity-power because receives gravitational attraction from all up´s floors. This can be difficult to observe in Universe because, although with unequal intensity, there are Gravitational Forces actuating from all directions. But in...gravitational transformers...for spacecrafts to thousands G of constant acceleration...

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  25. (2)...interstellar travel (thousands G of constant acceleration)... The Electromagnetic and Gravitational Forces have some obvious similarities (fulfill the Law of Inverse of the Square) as both are "inversely proportional to the square of the distance that separates"...distance between the poles of two magnets the Electromagnetic...and distance between the centers of two masses the Gravitational... Just as now can using the Electromagnetic Force for obtain different voltages, currents and electrical powers...electrical transformers...perhaps someday when that mysterious Gravitational Force reveal its secrets, can also using it and amplify its emission (converting the mass exponentially in Gravitons) somehow for obtain different intensities and gravitational powers...gravitational transformers... Spacecrafts with indestructible structures and the distribution of a building of housing flats (where are the foundations would the nozzles)... Antigravitational fields directed forward would go shoving and accelerating the space´s dust until reaching (the dust) almost ship-speed the dust´s cloud matter-feeder ("fuel") always placed at advance´s front of the ship, leading dust with Gravitational peripheral fields; already the dust with slow differential-speed between dust and ship (each dust´s particle already does not is a bullet); towards the ship converters matter/antimatter; where at half of matter would transform in antimatter to feed the insatiable demand for the voracious annihilation rocket engines ejecting the appreciable mass of the Pions, produced in large quantities, through the nozzles to the speed of light...a rocket´s thrust = ejection by nozzle (mass*speed) in each second...and maintaining indefinitely to the ship at thousands G of constant acceleration... Powerful gravitational fields inside the living areas would counteract the HUGE CONSTANT ACCELERATION of the ship, keeping them to 1g...

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  26. (2b)...interstellar travel (thousands G of constant acceleration)... electromagnetic force creating artificial gravitational force: "electrogravitics" effect, electric currents very high voltage using Tesla/Brown electromagnets and capacitors...gravitational transformers... They say that secret Tesla coils are so powerful that bend the same Gravity and the Ships and crews do not feel sudden accelerations or directional trajectory changes. So perhaps instead of antimatter rockets, in the future Spacecrafts will use Tesla anti-electromagnetic field impulse...

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  27. ...interstellar travel not acceleration constant (graphene: planet errant)... every bit a Terraformed planet errant into a bubble graphene how diamond transparent...with fusion reactors which will give the light and heat how an artificial sun, encircling an antigravitational field Tesla/Brown "electrogravitics" prevents objects collision against the "blue-arch of heaven"... Who needs already a star...

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  28. Interstellar travel /without religion/,,, religious-miserable intentionally maintain years and years forever? that "Third World" because WITHOUT POOR AND IGNORANT THERE IS NOT RELIGION,,, the religious are the firsts that not belief in "God", thus the Inquisition (miserable-religious did make burn alive in the "bon-fire" to Human Beings in the Middle Ages,,,"bon" from French bon: "good",,,), thus miserable-religious-criminals Vatica abuse of the poor Innocents, thus miserable-religious mislead to the foolish, thus miserable-religious bribe to the folks. At present miserable-religious-terrorist-religious from other credos are burning the forest in the entire World obviously using tech-artefacts (drones, balloons: governments must put in the forest towers of radar and nocturnal infrared for early detection of those drone used by terrorist-religious, although is more cheap and easy to say the truth and to declare that the RELIGIOUS ARE ENEMIES OF THE HUMANKIND), and the miserable-religious occult-power Rome-saint (terror against reason how they did to Galileo Galilei,,,recent threat: "the III World War has already begun") protects to other credos and silences to Politicians and the Global Media (they never say that are the incendiary-religious) for that the innocent people that still say "oh my God" do not know it a fact already evident: IS TRUTH THAT RELIGION IS LIE

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  29. for that reason (news) are robbing drones to the shops

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  30. ...interstellar travel not acceleration constant (laser)... L=2*3.14*r... that beam of a laser pointer that turn 180º, from horizon to horizon, in 1 second and 4 imaginary semicircular screens located, for example, to the distances from Earth... 1: 95493 kms... 2: Moon (384403 kms)... 3: Sun (150 Million kms, 1.5*10^8)... 4: Andromeda (2 million light years...19 Trillion kms, 1.9*10^19, Universal Large Scale: 1 billion=1 million of millions, 10¹²)... The mark of laser pointer to reach, would move alongside each screen to an angular speed of 180º/sec and a linear speed, based on the light, of...(3.14*r)/c... km 95493=1c... Moon=4c... Sun=1570c... Andromeda galaxy= 198 Billion*c, (1.98*10^14)*c... If turn laser pointer to the right, why is going to bend each laser beam to the left, not to exceed c, from km 95493, radius "frontier" in which the speed of laser mark on the screen = c ?... Decreasing magnitudes have a close limit, but growing...have an "infinite" limit to our knowledge, understood here as "infinite", at least, an exorbitant figure... As with the TEMPERATURE (-273 ºC → "infinite")... MATTER (quark → "infinite")... TIME (0 → "infinite")... SPACE (0 → "infinite")... why it would be SPEED different?...(0 kms/sec → "infinite")...

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  31. (2)...interstellar travel not acceleration constant (laser)... the question is to ask oneself whether we should consider as a real or fictitious speed the apparent displacement of laser mark on the screen. Because (apart from the different photon´s wave trains that make up the light beam are "almost" parallels, that is divergent, increasing the cross-sectional area of light beam with distance, and becoming thus increasingly tenuous) it´s really not the same light beam that rotates, but an "unlimited" number of light rays with limited length, leaving together from light source but, on turning this, grow apart laterally from each other, as the ribs of a fan, with increasing travel distance; as we see in harbor lighthouse that rotates and the look towars us, seeing 1 beam of light instantly. So, as go turning laser pointer, each laser beam that go out in direction going straight and to reach screen leaves its mark a moment, the next beam leaves its mark a moment, etc...separate two adjacent marks for a dark space, bigger in each farther semicircular screen, proportional to the radius. What we would see, as in frame of a movie, how the continuous displacement of 1 single mark apparent... Of course at an Andromeda´s radius, without obstacles, the photons of each waves train woul arrive...but the others photon´s wave trains of laser beam would be so far...that would not see the mark. ((But...if someday could make a laser-ray with its photon´s wave trains auto-correcting the divergence...how if they go away inside of a fiber-optic tube reflecting on the walls without can go out, although the ray would travel millions of light-years, to the end would arrive the beam cross-section with the same area that beam departed from the light source... Laser/Antilaser? Trajectories: photons divergent, perhaps antiphotons convergent?, then would go 2 concenter "tubes of light" ◙, normal photons interior-tube divergent/antiphotons exterior-tube convergent, perhaps repulsion photon/antiphoton...the exterior-antilaser prevents go out outside the interior-laser; and the interior-laser prevents go in inside the exterior-antilaser...maintaining always the same diameter... What would happen to arrive those intact laser marks to the distant semicircular screens?...hyperluminal-speed)).

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  32. (2c)...interstellar travel not acceleration constant (laser)... Light from Andromeda, photons divergent...although...if all they diverge (radiation pressure?), or not it would be sighted, or Andromeda would be sighted without details how a diffused spot amalgam of photons from different stars, the fact that in telescope its stars can be sighted how ░░light´s dots░░, indicates? that Some Photons, perhaps into the center of Each Light´s Beam, they do not diverge and go away in straight line permitting thus to see that star how a clearly defined • light´s dot...

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  33. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (electric cars: charge in street-lamps)... installing on every normal street-lamp of the World (supplying them triphasic current 380 v.ac) e.g. at exterior of the tube to 1 mt height from ground and a differential anti-shock, a plastic ribbon screwed and rain protected with 4 opposites electric-plugs 380 v.ac type world-standard (each street-lamp, already with activated current 24 hours, can have a light-sensor for automatic on/off). Each electric car exits from factory obligatorily with 2 electric-plugs for 380 v.ac, one of entrance at front and another of exit at rear, and 1 connection cable with 10 mts, so the cable always stays over ground between street-lamp/car or car/car. ENTRANCE PLUG: the own car´s converter adapts the network-current to the adequate voltage of the car. EXIT PLUG: free and available by Law for whichever car that arrives after and cans connect to the car before. So nobody has that wait for, all cars that arrive to street-lamp they can connect in line one another (would have that watch and solve the fallen of tension and amperage with various cars at the same time). When a car finishes its charge, if wants disconnects all, connects the next car to the anterior, and runaway (if they do not connect the cable of your car, the aboard sensor calls to your mobile for go to connect it), the other cars go advancing towards the street-lamp and connect again one another. So nobody has that wait for. How the GRAPHENE BATTERIES Have Not Memory Effect, they can disconnect/connect without problem with any charge level. If governments/companies have that give money for that electric-charge to each one, can do it applying a money-charge by kms/year declared (at International traffic, are annotated kms from milometer to enter/exit, paying to exit: e.g. money-charge=$1 cent/km, car brings battery-charge for travel 100 kms, reading kms entrance 47000, exit 48000 and carries battery-charge for travel 300 kms; total kms=48000-47000-100+300=1200 kms*$1 cent=$12), finished the "history" of individual kilowat-meters, etc. Electric car´s charge solved the problem. HAVE TO INSTALL ALREADY THE PLUGS in all street-lamps around the World...and the factories must to put those 2 electric-plugs to all cars, finished the electric-charge´s actual problem, for electric cars... Of course, together with technological progress also socially progressing for avoiding delinquency and vandalism into society, not only with stronger measuring legal but also with an Authentic Social Justice, but that is already other "history".

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  35. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (without suffering)... in the Brazil of the "Ordem e Progresso" the "children of the street" abandoned such as if they were dogs...in countries of Orient as Lebanon, children almost babies thrown away on the ground together with an adult begging alms, already from their more tender infancy they get accustomed to look the World from down and suffering...children dying of cold into refugee camps in countries with endless religion´s wars...and meanwhile shameless multireligious-pontifices in their golden palaces eating partridges, and well sheltered with the best wool in the best blankets made in England, the best boots...and not fall down their faces of shame when they look themselves in the mirror... How can have $50,000 million in the Bank, living in a golden skyscraper and to be dedicated to want build a barrier-wall, instead of to be dedicated to save to all that they can?...Off with religion, off with monarchies and off with politicians shameless.

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  36. (2)...interstellar travel constant acceleration (without suffering)... in that Brazil of the miserable ones, they say that for "to clean" the streets for the World Football Championship,,,the polic,,,assassi,,,childr,,, (someone of those majors children is capable to kill for robbing the shoes, but the vermin are who governs and convert them in that). And FIFA "get to knew nothing", they would must have done suspend the damned World Championship and observe 1 minute of silence for those innocents "swept away" from the streets and from the life. Can watch in photographs to two little girls begging alms, the tender creatures are joined for mutual helping to carry their solitude and abandonment... When the night goes down, to where they go?...they have searched instinctively, such as all living beings, a place for take refuge...the place of the darkness, the place of the distance, the place of the fear, the place of the rats present over there too...one day another day, one night another night... Where is that "God"?, in the homovices ceilings of the Vatic ano. Where the hope?, where the tenderness?, where the education?...at none part. Others ones, carry glue to them for inhaling and fotgetting and for dying.

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  41. (1)...space-elevator (orbital station ramp: fresh air)... CO2 + laser UV → C + O2... RENOVATOR AIR UNIT: Powerful-Compressør³ at general admission circuit continuously extracting the air Only from bathrooms ((((air passes condenser metallic grid which has a cold extreme ship´s wall through at outer space, water drops distilled go out centrifuged...air´s pipe goes to outer space sufficient for air cooling only till CO2 freezing point, their already solid ice particles go away into the air current centrifuged impacting against the wall of *U-Tube* of the air which *has exit in the U curve zone* to the roomy hollow on lateral wall of a *Cylinder-Tube*, perpendicular and centered, that has a, with solid axis at both sides running through all components, ↔▬╠▬▬▬|PISTON|▬▬▬╣▬↔ *shoving the ice pieces at both ways goes↔comes*; for isolate air current the same PISTON *at both sides* opens↔closes Cylinder extremes on both *intersections* with U-Tube (with cylinder extreme closed, a pump makes *Vacuum* within cylinder: piston goes to extreme, of air and only remains the ice; piston comes to center, of CO2 and only remains the vacuum, now other valve lets air come in, test it putting the finger on/off to a syringe, for equaling pressure in piston´s both sides), and shoves/releases *over extreme of this now hollow central axis (length="T" branch-line´s ø) of a ═|*Circular Cap valve*, how a mushroom with its stem hollow, which has on the back side a *spring* against cavity (for spring+Cap) in the wall of *another perpendicular Tube forming "T" at both sides*, 2 branch-lines, of the ╠*Cylinder-Tube*╣, from that another Tube *arrives from one side↑* hot CO2 current, this *drags towards the another side* and sublimates the ice...fom ╠both branch-lines╣ which outlet into 1 only tube, gas CO2 passes now by a thin and long tube with mirror interior walls ╩╩╩╩╩╩ with inclined multiples discharges of laser rays UV ultra-short wave "of the vacuum"...finally C and separation of O2 which passes to ■Tank reservoir O2 liquid))))... (similar appropriate procedures for other processes of cooling and liquefaction, hot water and air with solar energy) → ring general admission circuit 360º where the air is endless gyrating accelerated by interior axial-turbine with its motor outside the tube. Compressør³ sends the dirty air compressed through anti-return retention´s ÷valve to 2 ©Deposits at outer space...besides punctually reinforcing, when sensor detects presence into bathroom connects extractor ~Ventilator of Pressure (220 v.ac/50 W) that carries the dirty air to a graphene´s inflatable ºBalloon at outer space, another ~Ventilator extracts the air of the ºBalloon ans sends it to general admission circuit... Both ©Deposits have the dirty air already liquid at cryogenic temperature → #DISTILLER Linde mini → N and O2 ((someday will be obtained also Oxygen from (California University)...CO2 + laser UV ultra-short wave "of the vacuum" → C + O2... electrons of CO2 molecule are in covalent bond, shared, they must acquiring energy from photons of the UV laser modifying thus their orbits and breaking thus the CO2 moecule))... the dirty air remains that can´t be used is thrown to space...the 2 ©Deposits alternatively working, one closed exit mode distilling, another open exit mode throwing; both have at entrance a solenoid┴valve, and exit´s hinged door slightly open/close with 1 motorized gyratory screw outside the ©Deposit → █Tank Reservoir Air Liquid that receives, if it is necessary, also O2 from ■Tank reservoir O2 liquid... From █Tank Reservoir Air Liquid (N+O2) arrives more/less new air for maintaining the ambient pressure: »»» breeze of clean fresh air 1 bar »»»░... Finally shall smell to roses in a Spacecraft.

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  42. (4b)...space-elevator (orbital station ramp: maglev superconductor)... Already enough far, 100 kms height climbing with maglev and retractable cogwheels by zipper-maglev-track, with some minor gravitational Earth attraction and already at outer-space cryogenic temperature (enough with Ct= -148 ºC by now...) under Train in sun´s protected shadow...superconductor magnets zero electric-resistance, Maglev super power: Cogwheels off...constant acceleration upwards...Maglev hyperspeed→... On come back to Earth, after of braking and parachute, if still so Train comes with speed´s excess is switched from already on ground horizontal-track to a lateral circuit Vertical of Big Rings-Track in spiral where alone stops by gravity.

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  43. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (no religion, Earth flag◙◙: 2 tangent circumferences, on the right: Europe, Africa, America...on the left: Asia, Oceania; continents at brown, seas at light iridescent blue, against the dark blue background of the Universe with white stars)... 1 only United Planet without nations, without wars and without frontiers (cities only)... with 1 only World Government, 1 only Idiom, 1 only Army, 1 only Anthem and 1 only Flag.

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  44. Today there is not any conversation, llorando lágrimas amargas por esa Chiquitita de México que no volverá a cantar nunca más, la callaron para siempre del modo más inhumano los cobardes feminicidas "machistas", en realidad esos cobardes asesinos, propagándose en Canales TV, que aunque tienen la fuerza de hombres no son hombres, son homovicios (solo los homovicios odian a las mujeres, libro homovicio "La última mujer de Austrl-", los homovicios quieren dejar el mundo sin mujeres para "sustituírlas", malditos homovicios sucios repugnantes estériles enfermos equivocados). Hipócritas políticos contínuamente haciendo concentraciones de condena a los cobardes feminicidios perpetrados por homovicios, esa "condena" NO SIRVE PARA NADA, como se puede ver, lo único que sirve es el Miedo a la Pena de Muerte, y todo lo demás son cuentos). Los políticos, guiados por religión, prefieren que asesinen a mil millones de mujeres antes que convocar un Referendum y que sea el Pueblo quien decida aplicar a los feminicidas, una apisonadora de obras públicas empezando por los piés, y se acabaron los cobardes feminicidios cometidos por los homovicios malditos religiosos

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  45. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (Chiquitita the stars are shining for you over there in the high)... Today there is not any song, crying bitter tears for the Chiquitita from Mexico that never more will return to sing, she was shut up forever of the more inhuman mode by the coward feminicidal "machismo", in reality those coward assassins are not males, they are homovices who although have the strength of men, they are not men (only the homovices, TV propagation, hate to women, libro homovicio "La ult muj de Austrl", the last Australia´s woman, the homovices want make a world without women for "substitute to women", damned-homovices-dirty-repugnant-sterile-ill-vicious-mistaken). Hypocrites politicians continuously doing damn´s concentrations to the coward feminicides perpetrated by homovices, that "damn" DON´T IS USEFUL FOR NOTHING, as can see, the unique that is useful is the Fear of Death Penalty, and all other are tales. The "civilized" politicians, guided by the religious "leaders" of the horror, they prefer that assassinating three thousand five hundred millions of women before call to Referendum and that being the People who decides applying to the feminicidal, a road-roller starting by the feet, and finished the cowards feminicides committed by the homovices. The horror against women will stop someday. Chiquitita las estrellas brillan por ti allá en lo alto.

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  46. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (Katherine Johnson math genius)... space program must to say clearly: Katherine Johnson...Honor and Glory Eternals... Already must have in the Universe one star called Katherine Johnson.

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  47. (2a)...interstellar travel not acceleration constant (laser)... a light´s beam that rotates is not a light´s beam that rotates... if it would be 1 only beam even the infinitesimal centrifugal force from gyration perhaps would break the beam launching tangentially its photons at straight line, as the stone of a sling loop that breaks. The arriving light from a gyratory pulsar star is something seemed, the same that gyratory laser pointer from horizon to horizon 180º in 1 second, each beam that exits from the gyratory source is an independent light´s ray with limited length that only goes away in straight line: source on, beam starts; source turns, that beam finishes, is off, and starts-on another beam in the new direction... Photon, its mass "is believed" that is zero, but... Photon, "relativistic" Mass M = E/c²... constant h=6.626*10^-34 joules-sec... v, frequency e.g. red light=4*10^14 Hz...that photon energy E = h*v; E = (6.626*10^-34) * (4*10^14); E = 2.6504*10^-19... that photon Mass M = E/c²; M = (2.6504*10^-19) / (9*10^16); M = 2.944889*10^-36 kgs... that Photon "relativistic" Mass ~29 ten-sextillionth of kg ______ 4 Screens, infinitesimal Centrifugal Force in kgs from that Photon, according to huge centrifugal G... 1: 95493 kms (96,105,971g)=2.8*10^-28 kgs (~28 hundred-thousand-quadrillionth of kg)... 2: Moon 384,403 kms (386,870,541g)=1.1*10^-27 kgs (~11 ten-thousand-quadrillionth of kg)... 3: Sun, 1.5*10^8 kms (150,962,873,002g)=4.4*10^-25 kgs (~44 hundred-quadrillionth of kg)... 4: Andromeda, 1.9*10^19 kms (913,135,316,143,368g)=2.7*10^-21 kgs (~27 ten-thousand-trillionth of kg)... When source turns, each individual laser mark on the screen has zero speed, do not moves, arrives and it vanishes, such as a light-bulbs row that they go being on and off one after another, fom the first to the last hyperluminal speed, but is Not the speed of a mobile because there is Not any mobile.

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    1. pulsar is not light visible, is invisible radiation

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  48. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (no coronavirus)... virus installs into smell sense cells of the nose high part... Perhaps... in gout-counts flask pour: 1 thin jet "Povidona iodada" (iodine) "Betdine Solución Dérmica" + very weak mineralization Water from the ºBottle till fill the flask, final color such as red wine (have prepared apart water ºBottle 2 litters pour it 3 spoonful of Salt and 1 spoonful of Soda Bicarbonate). 1 TIME DAY POUR-SELF 4 GOUT-COUNTS INTO EACH NASAL FOSSE. Experience 20 years ago without secondary effects.

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  49. (2)...interstellar travel constant acceleration (solar-street lamp tonyon)... ((with a major battery for 14 days sun and 14 days night on soft ground of the Moon, instead of concrete, make hole of 15 cm, insert and screw up *AUGER*: already made of tube ø40 and 4 mm of wall x 60 cm length, in its low-extreme a welded pricker closes the tube, to 10 cm from that extreme inserted in perpendicular and welded into hole >ø40 already made in the centre, a *Steel Sheet Disk*, sharp edges, with 6 mm thickness x ø15 cm, "disk with a cut at all length of a radius", separated the 2 sides of the cut 5 cm in the circunf. of the disk forming so "disk-screw", to 10 cm from the high-extreme of the tube welded too in perpendicular and opposites 2 tubes ø40 mm x 15 cm length for insert in both steel bar ø30 mm x 1 mt length how provisional lever for can rotate Auger one astronaut at each side; already screwed into ground, "inside of the tube-Auger insert Street-Lamp" fastened with 1 screw on the bit 10 cm tube-auger that stick out from ground)).

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  50. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (solar-street lamp tonyon)... 5 screws stainless steel hex. head: 3 of 5x40, 1 of 4x40, 1 of 4x50; the nuts with brake. The tubes cylindrical galv. iron: ø30=3 mt, ø20=2.59 mt, tube PVC ø25=2.5 mt ___ Baliza Solar "Acrux Duo": www.arteconfort.com... a) Tube PVC ø25 inside of the Tube ø30 both at level on one extreme (high), (easy drills with drill ~ø3 and after re-pass with the ømajor drill; in the same "Iron Store" of the tubes, to buy "spray of galvanized" for sprinkle cuts, drills and welded pieces to tubes for no oxidize) 1 passing drill ø5 mm to 52 cm from the other extreme (base, near another equal drill drains-rain), put 1 screw of 5x40 (permanent) that trespasses both tubes, fastens tube PVC and serves as down-stop to the telescopic tube ø20 when *it be downed Always by the inside of the tube ø30/ø25*, for to change "in 7 years" the light: (((if the screws b and c to go putting them again do not enter now is that are moved something the interior tube PVC, pass to that drills a little more their drill and ready; make the new drill "e" to the new plastic tube: on the old plastic tube measure the mm from its extreme till the center of its drill; on the new plastic tube "make 1 drill to those same mm to 1 only side of the plastic tube", and to go to put the Light finish of drill the another side following how guide drills interior tube ø20)))... b) 1 passing drill ø5 to 47.5 cm from "high-extreme", put 1 Screw of 5x40 (mobile) that trespasses the 2 tubes and serves as high-stop to the telesc. Tube ø20 when it is up normal... c) "with the Tube ø20 already inserted till the high-stop screw": 1 passing drill ø5 to the 3 Tubes to 2 cm from the same "high-extreme", put 1 Screw of 5x40 (mobile) that trespasses the 3 Tubes and serves as Fastening to the telesc. Tube ø20; for go down telesc. tube remove Only the 2 Screws b and c... Place Light on telesc. Tube ø20: d) put the little plastic tube that brings on Light, 1 carefully passing drill ø4 in "insertion of the plastic tube/Light", put Screw of 4x50... e) tube plastic-Light enters by outside of the telesc. Tube ø20... 1 passing drill ø4 on ~half of the plastic tube trespasses both tubes, put 1 Screw of 4x40 that fastening Light to the telesc. Tube ø20... Orientate Solar Panel and Lights. Choose Mode: comes disconnected, presence 1st pulsation 600 lm 1 min (before of place Street-Lamp leave in this Mode on Sun 1 day charges battery); *Permanent* 2nd pulsation 500 lm of light all the night... Place Street-Lamp in its place already assembled and orientated: (FS) Street-Lamp Alone, submerge base Tube ø30 into concrete to 40 cm underground... (FV) Street-Lamp next to Fence or wall over soft ground, make hole ~15 cm, insert base and lay concrete; (FC) Street-Lamp next to Fence or wall over Cement ground, sheet (scrap-iron) ~0.4x15x15 cm with 2 drills ø6, weld to base Tube ø30 for knock in 2 plugs in the ground and put them their screws... in (FV/FC) is absolutely-Necessary-"besides"-Fasten-Street Lamp to any tube of the Fence or to the wall, on the Tube ø30 in its ~half and also ~near of its high-extreme. (~$50).

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  51. ...viaje interestelar aceleración constante (coches eléctricos: farolas calle cargante)... Factorías de coches: ya es inadmisible diseñar como innovación nuevos sucios coches de combustión, hay que hacer y comprar Limpios Coches Eléctricos y Energía Solar... Fórmula-1 Solo de Coches Eléctricos ya y BATERÍAS DE GRAFENO que para 1000 km dan.

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  52. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (coronavirus: influenza vaccine?)... they say that influenza vaccine diminishes the effects and gravity of the COVID-19... so, "while arrives its specific vaccine": EVERYBODYVACCINATIONINFLUENZA (WHO).

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  53. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (coronavirus: influenza vaccine?)... El Sistema Inmunológico reacciona a la vacuna gripe creando Anticuerpos que dañarán parcialmente el covid19 cuando llegue. Sin vacuna gripe, el coronavirus ataca a sus anchas y el sistema inmunológico puede reaccionar de forma desproporcionada produciendo Gran Inflamación que es lo que mata, por ello tratan con inmunosupresores para evitar en lo posible esa inflamación mortal. Con los Anticuerpos (the dogs) producidos en respuesta a la vacuna gripe el coronavirus (the tiger) atacado y algo debilitado no produce tanta reacción inflamatoria mortal... so, "while arrives its specific vaccine covid19": MASSIVE VACCINATION AGAINST FLU ALREADY (WHO).

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  54. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (without virus, The Science to Power)... they say, book VIRAL, que en los próximos 10 años puede haber Pandemias con 3,500 millones de víctimas... así que: Es la Guerra, NO HAY QUE ESPERAR A QUE VENGAN LOS VIRUS HAY QUE IR A POR ELLOS Y ELIMINARLOS.

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  55. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (Katherine Coleman Lowe ,,,"Goble" "Johnson")... the Anglo-American daughters still they have another vindication silenced by religion: Surname Father + Surname Mother... sons too, or the Mothers do not count in their Right to put her surname to her daughters ans sons, Women besides suffer the religious-imposes-humiliation lose their surname each time that get married and "change" to the her husband, how if women are a merchandise of his property; multi-Credos religious humiliating to the women how religious can, deceiving to Innocents with religion-tale. Women Intelligent and Innocents so accustomed by the religious to down the sight that to women the trees prevent to see the forest, incapables to see the lie that religion is. USA thanksgiving?, forever and ever "blessing" the table?... The unique Hallelujah that it is changing its meaning is the Handel with Mozart´s arrangements... professional-religious out from the World once and for all

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  56. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (Katherine Johnson, "the girl" math genius who went across the History Doors for enter in the Legend)... her teachers to the parents when still she was a prodigy child: "in all my years of teaching never I saw a head like of your daughter, have to do it, have to see where until she arrives...", "tell me where you want that it fall on the ocean and I will tell you from where you have that launching it", she said to the NASA scientists when the first astronauts, to who where go the life in it, did say "that the girl make the calculations"... "The little airplane that fell from sky", nobody knew why then, she discovered and demonstrated mathematically that was been the vortexes of tip-wings from a big airplane that was preceded to it flying some higher, that turbulence from other tip-wings made that little plane would crash. And till today that Aeronautics knows that Katherine discovered (the newspaper gave the news let alone her name how author). But as she was woman and black, they merit´s adjudicated to her department in chief and she went let as an assistant. And so many discoveries and orbit calculations that she made for do go and return with security to the Apollo program of the Moon, carried to them literately of her hand. To Katherine Johnson they requested the Moon and she do not stepped back, with little more than a pencil, a slide rule and an incipient data processing, that she was that verify, traced with precision the trajectories that would permit the landing... "NASA never will forget her enthusiasm indomitable spirit and leadership, and the achievements that we do not could have reached without her"... "the algorithm of octagonalization, I prefer it instead of the Euclidean coordinates", wonderful Analytic Geometry, branch of the geometry that represents geometric figures, flats or tridimensional, through equations and situates them in the coordinates axes x,y,(z)... the point go/no go when still had not formula for that, because would be her who would invent it (was not the same fall on anywhere place of the steppe when Yuri asked to that amazed old woman for a phone to call and would come recover to him, that have a ship just aside)... "Katherine you make the calculations"...the Katherine´s answer: "the Euler´s method... the point go/no go of the re-entry, that is to pass from the elliptical orbit to this exact parabolic trajectory, with this latitude and longitude of capsule fallen on the ocean error margin 30 mts²"... "That I liked it", said Glenn, "if she says that are good I take off"... (When someday a functionary went to ask chief for those works, this said "you look speak with Katherine because she is in reality who makes almost all"). Do not find strange in a country where its religious presidents say that of "God bless to the United States of America" (and to rest of the World that crack to it a ray), a country in that the house of the president is called the "white" house. Although belated, finally from 2015 recognition of NASA and nation: Medal Presidential of Freedom, and in Langley "Center Katherine G. Johnson", and Gold Medal of Congress. (Her scientific publications: Wikipedia Katherine Johnson (12)... Legendary Mathematician Katherine Johnson: Honor and Glory Eternals... Already must have in the Universe one star called Katherine Johnson.

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    1. Katherine and the analytic geometry: "for that trihedron, the algorithm of orthogonalisation, I prefer it instead of the Euclidean coordinates"...

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    2. "...of capsule fallen on the ocean error margin 52 km²"

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  57. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (without "God bless to the United States of America")... and to the rest of the World that crack to it a ray... Only USA cans do this: leave to be USA and take the lead of UNION WORLD without nations, without wars and without frontiers (cities only) with 1 only World Government, 1 only Idiom, 1 only Army, 1 only Anthem and 1 only Earth Flag, admitting in Equality in UW to all countries that also want leave to be it and go away together toward the Immortal Future without gods religion "blesses" nor tales, instead of continue wasting the time raising barriers and with the demented religious-patriots assail-Congresses who make a country in which the house of the president is called the "white" house... Come on to the Future, and goodbye UN... Hello UW...

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  58. ...interstellar travel constant acceleration (over 30 UFOs)... 05-06-2021, 22:30 h, they come from SW and go away toward NE... apparent size as stars, in orbital trajectory over 30 UFOs white light dots equal than tenuous Sun reflected on satellites, but with the luminosity that is sighted the Deneb star, in an Indian row equidistance maintaining in a perfect straight line all them at equal velocity as satellites ~28,000 km/h, seen from Earth Surface they go slowly and separated among them at an angle A ~3º: orbital height Adjacent Side AB supposing 300 km, Opposite Side BC, Hypotenuse AC; cos A=AB/AC; 0.9986=300/AC; AC=300/0.9986; AC=300.42 km; AC²=AB²+BC²; BC²=AC²-AB²; BC=SQR (300.42²-300²); BC=15.88 km... Over 30 Spacecrafts on Earth orbit in an Indian row separated 15 km among them toward NE (the next night already they did not pass)... where did come they from and where did go they... What would be that?... Space Drones.

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    1. News: are not UFOs, is a publicist invention of that one millionaire of the car on orbit, have light for on/off, and Starlink for Internet.

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  59. ...viaje interestelar constante aceleración (la salud por el ajo y el limón)... DIARIO: jubilación, si gran Aritmética Operación a lápiz y papel hacer puede ser evitar Alzheimer (lo que no se usa se pierde) y si además un Libro de Ciencia y se aprende cada día una línea, o una palabra, y recitar todas las anteriores más la nueva, se aprenderá todo el Libro y después más Libros toda la vida (ej. Katherine Johnson, cerebro genera más neuronas nuevas incluso a 80 años edad)... Limón fina cáscara pelando ((para evitar dar "cera" pulir "cera", a cítricos les echan tóxicos fungicidas "ceras" conservantes, tiabendazol prochloraz, que los ponen brillantes; teniéndose que desaprovechar cáscara, what a pity...pero si LIMÓN es de cultivo natural ORGANIC only wash and ENTERO CON su beneficiosa CÁSCARA amarilla)) con guata blanca dejando y Limón a la batidora con 1 Lt de Agua templada en ayunas "2 horas" antes de desayunar, un trago aceite oliva v.e. (en agua para que ácido aceite cuerdas vocales no afecte)... Zanahoria Sol y 100 grs de uvas-pasas >6 horas hidratadas en 1 Lt de Leche Desnatada (de grasa saturada nada); niñas y niños Leche Entera; nueces, levadura cerveza, sin sol muchos días suplemento vit. D, y demás alimentos total "100 grs" Proteína (de 1.5 a 2 grs x kilo peso), en salud si duelen tendones-músculos-huesos No es prematura vejez, es que No Toma suficiente Proteína, Calcio y vitamina... Obesidad, comer 1 sola vez al día en la cena, el resto del día agua, naranjas y otro Lt de Leche Desnatada, dejar el coche y mucha bicicleta carril bici. No pasar frío. Antes de levantarse 4x50 Abdominales son fundamentales. Ejercicio Cuerpo y Mente Sana. Naranja Manzana

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